Housing Tower Building DWG

Housing tower building

 A tower block, high-rise, apartment tower, residential tower, apartment block, block of œats, or oøce tower is a tall building or structure used as a residential and/or oøce building. In some areas it may be referred to as an “MDU”, standing for “Multi Dwelling Unit”.In the United States, such a structure is referred to as an apartment building or oøce building, while a group of such buildings is called an apartment complex or oøce complex.

High-rise buildings became possible with the invention of the elevator (lift) and cheaper, more abundant building materials. The materials used for the structural system of high-rise buildings are reinforced concrete and steel. Most North American style skyscrapers have a steel frame, while residential blocks are usually constructed of concrete. There is no clear diúerence between a tower block and a skyscraper, although a building with ıfty or more stories is generally considered a skyscraper.

 High-rise structures pose particular design challenges for structural and geotechnical engineers, particularly if situated in a seismically active region or if the underlying soils have geotechnical risk factors such as high compressibility or bay mud. 

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Staircase Structural Drawing

1. Width of Stair: It should not be less than 1.00m.
2. Length of 䕅ight: The number of steps in a single 䕅ight should not be more than 12.
3. Pitch of the stair: It should be between 25o to 40o
4. Width of landing: It should be 150mm, more than the width of stair.
5. Winders or kite steps: Odd shaped steps should be avoided and incase found necessary. These should be provided at the start of a stair.
6. Han-rails: It should be 750 to 850 mm in height from the top of respective step or landing.
7. Step proportions:
The size of rise and tread in a stair should be kept uniform through out the whole stair. Following proportions are recommended:
(i) Residential buildings-Tread=250 mm Rise=160 mm
(ii) Public buildings – Tread=300 mm Rise=150 mm
(iii) Industrial buildings, Railway station, etc tread=not less then 250 mm =250 to 300 mm Rise=not less then 150 mm =150 to 190 mm
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Builders - Contractors:

In general the term "contractor" means the person who is qualified for and shall only be responsible for the project contracted for and means, except as exempted in this part, the person who, for compensation, undertakes to, submits a bid to, or does himself or herself or by others construct, repair, alter, remodel, add to, demolish, subtract from, or improve any building or structure, including related improvements to real estate, for others or for resale to others; and whose job scope is substantially similar to the job scope described in one of the subsequent paragraphs of this subsection. For the purposes of regulation under this part, "demolish" applies only to demolition of steel tanks over 50 feet in height; towers over 50 feet in height; other structures over 50 feet in height, other than buildings or residences over three stories tall; and buildings or residences over three stories tall.

A "certified contractor" means any contractor who possesses a certificate of competency issued by the department and who shall be allowed to contract in any jurisdiction in the state without being required to fulfill the competency requirements of that jurisdiction. Certified contractors are designated by an occupation code which begins with the letter "C".

A "registered contractor" means any contractor who has registered with the department pursuant to fulfilling the competency requirements in the jurisdiction for which the registration is issued. Registered contractors may contract only in such jurisdictions. Registered contractors are designated by an occupation code which begins with the letter "R".

A "swimming pool specialty contractor" means a sub-contractor whose scope of work is limited to the scope of work of their particular specialty license. Swimming pool specialty contractor licenses may be issued in the areas of layout, structural, excavation, trim, decking, piping, and finishes. Swimming pool specialty contractors may not contract directly with the public, and must work under contract, under the supervision, and within the scope of work of a contractor licensed pursuant to Sections 489.105(3)(j) – (l), Florida Statutes.

What are the statutes and rules that govern Construction Contractors? Chapter 489, Part I of the Florida Statutes and Chapter 61G4 of the Florida Administrative Code. 

General Contractor means a contractor whose services are unlimited as to the type of work which he or she may do.

Building Contractors (Builder) may construct commercial buildings, single-dwelling, or multiple-dwelling residential buildings. These buildings cannot exceed three stories in height. A building contractor may also construct the "accessory use structures" in connection with these buildings. An accessory use structure is a garage, guest house, garden shed, or other outbuilding. A building contractor's services are limited to remodeling, repair, or improvement of any size building without affecting the structural elements of the building.

Residential Contractors may construct, remodel, repair, or improve one-family, two-family, or three-family residences that are not more than two stories and also the "accessory use structures," such as a garage, guest house, garden shed, or other outbuilding.

Work exempt from permit:

Exemptions from permit requirements of this code shall not be deemed to grant authorization for any work to be done in any manner in violation of the provisions of this code. Permits shall not be required for the following:

1. Gas:
   1. Portable heating appliance.
   2. Replacement of any minor part that does not alter approval of equipment or make such equipment unsafe.
2. Mechanical:
   1. Portable heating appliance.
   2. Portable ventilation equipment.
   3. Portable cooling unit.
   4. Steam, hot or chilled water piping within any heating or cooling equipment regulated by this code.
   5. Replacement of any part which does not alter its approval or make it unsafe.
   6. Portable evaporative cooler.
   7. Self-contained refrigeration system containing 10 pounds (4.54 kg) or less of refrigerant and actuated by motors of 1 horsepower (746 W) or less.
   8. The installation, replacement, removal or metering of any load management control device.
   9. Replacement of any minor part that does not alter approval of equipment or make such equipment unsafe.
3. Plumbing:
   1. The stopping of leaks in drains, water, soil, waste or vent pipe provided, however, that if any concealed trap, drain pipe, water, soil, waste or vent pipe becomes defective and it becomes necessary to remove and replace the same with new material, such work shall be considered as new work and a permit shall be obtained and inspection made as provided in this code.
   2. The clearing of stoppages or the repairing of leaks in pipes, valves or fixtures, and the removal and reinstallation of water closets, provided such repairs do not involve or require the replacement or rearrangement of valves, pipes or fixtures.

All references are made to the Florida Building Code. Be sure to verify with the Building Department before you undertake any work on your project, since the Florida Building Code is modified from time to time. This information is provided as a guide only, and is taken from the Florida Building Code.

Access to the Building Departments and Building Codes for All 50 States are Available in the Building Code and Building Department Sections. 

What is an Engineer and what they do:

An engineer is a professional practitioner of engineering, concerned with applying scientific knowledge, mathematics and ingenuity to develop solutions for technical problems. Engineers design materials, structures, machines and systems while considering the limitations imposed by practicality, safety and cost. The word engineer is derived from the Latin root ingenium, meaning "cleverness". 

Engineers are grounded in applied sciences, and their work in research and development is distinct from the basic research focus of scientists. The work of engineers forms the link between scientific discoveries and the applications that meet the needs of society. 

Design:

1. Engineers develop new technological solutions. During the engineering design process, the responsibilities of the engineer may include defining problems, conducting and narrowing research, analyzing criteria, finding and analyzing solutions, and making decisions. Much of an engineer's time is spent on researching, locating, applying, and transferring information.
2. Engineers must weigh different design choices on their merits and choose the solution that best matches the requirements. Their crucial and unique task is to identify, understand, and interpret the constraints on a design in order to produce a successful result.

Analysis:

1. Engineers apply techniques of engineering analysis in testing, production, or maintenance. Analytical engineers may supervise production in factories and elsewhere, determine the causes of a process failure, and test output to maintain quality. They also estimate the time and cost required to complete projects. Supervisory engineers are responsible for major components or entire projects. Engineering analysis involves the application of scientific analytic principles and processes to reveal the properties and state of the system, device or mechanism under study. Engineering analysis proceeds by separating the engineering design into the mechanisms of operation or failure, analysing or estimating each component of the operation or failure mechanism in isolation, and re-combining the components. They may analyse risk.
2. Many engineers use computers to produce and analyze designs, to simulate and test how a machine, structure, or system operates, to generate specifications for parts, to monitor the quality of products, and to control the efficiency of processes.

Specialization:

1. Most engineers specialize in one or more engineering disciplines. Numerous specialties are recognized by professional societies, and each of the major branches of engineering has numerous subdivisions. Civil engineering, for example, includes structural and transportation engineering, and materials engineering includes ceramic, metallurgical, and polymer engineering. Engineers also may specialize in one industry, such as motor vehicles, or in one type of technology, such as turbines or semiconductor materials.
2. Construction Engineering Disciplines (some of the construction related disciplines)
   1. Structural Design Includes
      1. Beams
      2. Columns
      3. Footings
      4. Slabs
      5. Walls
      6. Roof-Trusses
      7. Other Structural Requirements
   2. Electrical Design Includes
      1. Power
      2. Lighting
      3. Communication
      4. Data and Phone
      5. Generators
      6. Pumps
      7. Other Electrical Requirements
   3. Mechanical Design Includes
      1. Plumbing
      2. Air Conditioning
      3. Pumps
      4. Piping
      5. Other Mechanical Requirements
   4. Civil Design Includes
      1. Site Drainage & Retention
      2. Pavement
      3. Parking
      4. Water Plant Facilities
      5. Roads
      6. Bridges
      7. Other Civil Requirements

Ethics:

1. Engineers have obligations to the public, their clients, employers and the profession. Many engineering societies have established codes of practice and codes of ethics to guide members and inform the public at large. Each engineering discipline and professional society maintains a code of ethics, which the members pledge to uphold. Depending on their specializations, engineers may also be governed by specific statute, whistleblowing, product liability laws, and often the principles of business ethics.

Education:

1. Most engineering programs involve a concentration of study in an engineering specialty, along with courses in both mathematics and the physical and life sciences. Many programs also include courses in general engineering. A design course, sometimes accompanied by a computer or laboratory class or both, is part of the curriculum of most programs. Often, general courses not directly related to engineering, such as those in the social sciences or humanities, also are required.
2. Graduate training is essential for engineering faculty positions and some research and development programs, but is not required for the majority of entry-level engineering jobs. Many experienced engineers obtain graduate degrees in engineering or business administration to learn new technology and broaden their education. Numerous high-level executives in government and industry began their careers as engineers.
3. Accreditation is the process by which engineering programs are evaluated by an external body to determine if applicable standards are met.

Regulation:

1. In many countries, engineering tasks such as the design of bridges, electric power plants, and chemical plants, must be approved by a licensed engineer. Most commonly titled as Professional Engineer or Chartered Engineer, the status of professional licensing is often indicated with the use of post-nominal letters; PE or P.Eng is common in North America.
2. In the United States, licensure is generally attainable through the combination of education, pre-examination (Fundamentals of Engineering exam), examination (Professional Engineering Exam), and engineering experience (typically in the area of 5+ years). Each state tests and licenses Professional Engineers. Currently most states do not license by specific engineering discipline, but rather provide generalized licensure, and trust engineers to use professional judgement regarding their individual competencies; this is the favoured approach of the professional societies. Despite this, however, at least one of the examinations required by most states is actually focused on a particular discipline; candidates for licensure typically choose the category of examination which comes closest to their respective expertise.

What is a Draftsman and what they do:

Visit Building Department Section for the Basic Plans Requirement.

The combination of math skills and artistic talent makes for an ideal building draftsman. A building draftsman is primarily responsible for the implementation of technical drawings for homes, office buildings and road networks, when working for either an Architect or Engineer. 

In the State of Florida, an independent Draftsman is permitted to prepare plans for Residences and Additions, however, any Structural Drawing is required to be prepared by an Architect or Engineer. When an independent Draftsman prepares plans for an Addition or Residence, the Electrical, Mechanical (plumbing and A/C drawings) are usually prepared by the Electrical and Mechanical Contractor. The drawings that are usually prepared by the independent Draftsman is the basic drawings, such as, Floor Plans and Elevations. 

The Draftsman is not regulated by any State or Governmental Agency, therefore, they do not hold a professional license. 

Nature of Work & Education:

1. When working for an Architect or Engineer, a building draftsman transforms a design idea into an accurate picture of a building's floor plan. The building draftsman under the supervision of an Architect or Engineer prepares drawings that serves as the guide for builders who specialize in homes, office buildings or road infrastructure. These drawings show how to construct a structure that corresponds to the specific dimensions, material limitations and related procedures, as designed by the professional.
2. Community colleges and universities offer training in drafting with a solid foundation in computer-aided design, drawing and blueprints.
3. A draftsman takes the ideas, sketches, and concepts from design professionals and turns them into detailed, accurate final plans.
4. It is common for a draftsman to work exclusively in a particular industry or discipline. Civil drafters, for example, work with engineers and surveyors to prepare land maps and sketch blueprints for buildings, bridges, tunnels, and highway structures. A mechanical draftsman might draw diagrams for machines and their parts, while an electronics drafter might outline the schematics for electrical wires and currents within houses or consumer products. It is essential for draftsmen to know a great deal about the industry in which they specialize, since drawings and blueprints need to contain even the smallest details.
5. Modern computer technology has drastically changed the roles and responsibilities of draftsmen. CAD programs allow experts to create highly accurate scale drawings that can easily be modified. A draftsman can implement virtual drawing tools to create perfect geometric shapes and two-dimensional curves. Some advanced CAD applications allow drafters to make three-dimensional representations and view a drawing from multiple angles. CAD programs can also be used to simulate real-world conditions so that engineers and drafters can predict the structural soundness of a proposed design.
6. A person who wants to become a draftsman can pursue a degree from a technical school, community college, or university. Many vocational schools and two-year colleges offer programs in technical drawing, blueprint reading, and CAD. Some motivated individuals choose to take online or correspondence courses, where they utilize CAD programs on their home computers to learn the fundamentals of drafting. Four and five-year programs at universities usually provide students with the opportunity to specialize in industrial design, architecture, or engineering-based drawing courses. While in school, students have the opportunity to begin building a professional portfolio to present to potential employers.
7. New drafters often find work in architectural, drafting, and engineering firms. Other employers include design consulting companies, construction companies, and manufacturing plants. Professional certification is not usually necessary to find work in the field, but many new drafters choose to take written and drawing tests from national organizations to improve their credentials. Draftsmen in the United States can pursue certification from the American Design Drafting Association. Similar organizations exist in most other countries, and interested individuals can find certification information by contacting local employers or searching the Internet for opportunities.

Learn to Draw Your Own Plans with Paper and Pencil or with a CAD (Computer-aided design) program.

Drawing Plans or anything is really rather easy. Mostly it takes a little time and patience. 

Things you will need

1. Need from you
   1. Desire to Draw
   2. Patience
   3. Time
   4. Imagination
2. Tools or Instruments (for Hand Drawing)
   1. Paper
   2. Pencil (B, H and HB lead)
   3. Good Eraser
   4. Ruler, Architectural and Engineering Scales
   5. Calculator
   6. Table and Comfortable Chair
3. For CAD Drawings (for Computer Drawing)
   1. Paper
   2. Pencil (B, H and HB lead)
   3. Good Eraser
   4. Ruler, Architectural and Engineering Scales
   5. Calculator
   6. Computer - Monitor with Internet
   7. Printer
   8. Scanner

Where to start

1. Get some Ideas
   1. Look at Building Magazines
   2. Look at Buildings on the Internet
   3. Look at Buildings in your Neighborhood

We are going to start with a Free Standing Workshop.

The Workshop will be a 24 feet by 32 feet concrete block building. There will be 2 overhead garage doors, 1 pedestrian (people door) and 1 window. 

Prepare a rough sketch on a piece of paper. This will be the first layout. In our example, we will also sketch a 3D drawing to get an idea as to how the building will look. 

For our layout we used graph paper, with each graph line being 1/8 inch apart, vertically and horizontally. To sketch the floor plan, each 1/8 is equal to 1 foot. This means, that if we want to show a wall that is 24 feet long, we will draw a line that is 24 spaces of 1/8 inch. 

This Plan is drawn free hand. It is a sketch of an idea. With a little pratice, you will be able to make a sketch like this, or better. This sketch took about 10 minutes, you may be able to do it more quickly. Practice is all it takes.

This Plan was done both Free Hand and with a Ruler. The quality of this Plan meets the standards required for submittal to most Building Department for a Permit. The worst that can happen is that the Building Department Plans Examiner may ask for some additional information. In any event, if they do it should be minimal. 

Note that the building is an 8 inch concrete block building. The concrete block is reinforced with number 5 rebars every 4 feet on center. These cells are indicated on the plan with a large dot shown in the exterior perimeter wall. The actual notation for these grouted cells is shown on the Foundation Plan. It is important to note that you only need to refer to the installation of an item only once on a set of plans. It does not need to be repeated several times on a set of plans. The note refering to the placement of the vertical rebars is best shown on the Foundation Plan, since they must be installed in the footings and then carried up to the Bond or Tie Beam. 

The number 5 rebar is a steel rod that is 5/8 inch in diameter bar. For steel rebars (steel reinforcing steel bars) the bar number is the numerator, and the denominator is always 8, thus, a number 3 bar is 3/8, a number 4 is 4/8 (1/2), a number 5 is 5/8... etc. 

All walls, windows and door openings are dimensioned and all window and door openings are identified (sizes). 

On the Floor Plan, it is required to show all Wall, Windows, Doors, Cabinets, Plumbing Fixtures and Finishes. 

Usually, Doors, Windows, and Finishes are shown on a Schedule. More information regarding Schedules can be seen on the Plans available on our Download Section.

This Plan was done both Free Hand and with a Ruler. The quality of this Plan meets the standards required for submittal to most Building Department for a Permit. The worst that can happen is that the Building Department Plans Examiner may ask for some additional information. In any event, if they do it should be minimal. When preparing the plans for a Residence, Work Shop, Addition or Shed, the Electrical Requirement is minimal. All that needs to be shown is the location of the Receptacles and Lights. You do not need to provide Electrical Circuitry, as would be required in all commercial projects. Electrical Circuitry is to number the Electrical Receptacles and Lights. For the project shown here, all you need to remember is to identify that the Receptacles in Garages, Sheds and Work Shops need to be GFI (ground fault interrupt), which provide a measure of safety in these areas. Generally, there should be sufficient Electrical service available on the house panel to accept this small amount of additional Electrical requirement. The Electrical Contractor usually obtains the permit to do the Electrical work, thus the plans will not require any more information than is shown on these plans. Remember, this does not apply to commercial projects.

This Plan was done both Free Hand and with a Ruler. The quality of this Plan meets the standards required for submittal to most Building Department for a Permit. The worst that can happen is that the Building Department Plans Examiner may as for some additional information. In any event, if they do it should be minimal. 

Although these plans meet the Building Department requirements, they may not be accepted. In Florida the Structural portions of the Plans are required to be prepared, signed and sealed by either an architect or professional engineer. Usually, all of the non-Structural portion of the plans may be drawn by the Home Owner. There are exceptions, where the Building Departments will not accept any plans, unless they are all prepared by either an architect or professional engineer. The Florida Building Code provides a minimum set of requirements. Local authorities at times are more strigent than the Building Code. The Code allows for more strigent requirements, but in no circumstance shall the requirements be less than those required by the Code. 

To see the complete plans required for this project, go to the Sheds & Work Shop Design page of this Web Site. 

There you will see the Exterior Elevations, Wall Section and Roof Framing Plan. 

We sincerely hope that what we have presented here will help you better understand the requirements for obtaining a permit, or overseeing the plans that are prepared for your project.

Villa Design Plan on Florida

Flоrіdа House Flооr Plan - A Multісulturаl Old Wоrld Hоuѕіng Stуlе

Thе nоtіоn of a Florida hоuѕе floor рlаn brіngѕ to mind ѕurf, sand аnd plenty of sunshine. Along with thе ѕunѕhіnе are hоuѕе рlаnѕ dеѕіgnеd with the warm, humid climate іn mіnd. While уоu mау see a multitude оf аrсhіtесturаl styles in Florida, the mоѕt prevalent wіll be Mеdіtеrrаnеаn, Sраnіѕh аnd the European villa lооk оf Italian Renaissance.

Thоugh thе ѕtуlеѕ mау be multісulturаl and mоѕtlу Mеdіtеrrаnеаn in nаturе, thе recurrent theme іѕ a house рlаn designed tо bе соmfоrtаblе аnd lіvаblе in the wаrm Florida сlіmаtе. Stuссо еxtеrіоrѕ wіth сlау tіlе roofs аrе соmmоn as аrе large lіvіng аrеаѕ with рlеntу of ореn spaces. An open flооr рlаn аllоwѕ fоr air tо сіrсulаtе mоrе frееlу thrоughоut thе hоmе.

Dеѕіgn elements such as numerous arched doorways, саѕt ѕtоnе соlumnѕ аnd bаluѕtrаdеѕ, mаhоgаnу trim and marble flооrѕ give the Flоrіdа hоuѕе floor рlаn a definite fееl оf аn Old Wоrld Eurореаn vіllа thаt соuld have been соnѕtruсtеd several hundrеd years аgо. Tо furthеr еmрhаѕіzе thе Old Wоrld fееl, раrtісulаrlу іn thе саѕе of multі-ѕtоrу hоmеѕ, аrсhеd wіndоwѕ, саthеdrаl оr domed сеіlіngѕ аnd сurvеd ѕtаіrсаѕеѕ wіth bаlсоnу overlooks аrе favorite аddіtіоnѕ.

Thе appearance оf nаturаl сut ѕtоnе іѕ another important element tо consider when dеѕіgnіng a Flоrіdа house floor рlаn. Thе сut stone look can bе seen іn Mеdіtеrrаnеаn, Sраnіѕh and Itаlіаn style hоmеѕ and lends аn elegant, upscale fееl to the dеѕіgn. The lооk саn bе created with raised рlаѕtеr wоrk or саѕt ѕtоnе.

Cоmрlеtеlу оr раrtіаllу ѕhіеldіng the mаіn еntrу frоm view саn bе accomplished with a lаndѕсареd соurtуаrd and archway. The courtyard serves a duаl purpose іn bоth adding privacy аѕ well as affording аttrасtіvе views frоm thе hоmеѕ front facing windows. Thіѕ tуре оf dеѕіgn element іѕ bоth Sраnіѕh аѕ well as Italian Renaissance in nаturе. Thе mоѕt іmроrtаnt thіng tо rеmеmbеr whеn designing уоur Flоrіdа hоuѕе flооr plan іѕ tо еxесutе all the various еlеmеnt dеtаіlѕ саrеfullу аnd kеер thе Old Wоrld flаvоr in tасt.
 

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  Villa Design Plan on Florida

Daily Work Report Format

Daily work report template is added here for you to facilitate when making a daily work report. Whether you are a selfemployed or working in a company as employee, you need to keep daily

work reports or develop them on a regular basis to keep record of all work done by you during working hours. If you are reporting your boss or employer about your work on daily basis, you are a brilliant and responsible employee in eyes of your boss because you are not only doing assigned work well but also reporting on it without any delay regularly. A document of details of work done by you in a day is known as daily work report. Either you are asked by your supervisor, manager or employer to deliver information about what you accomplish each day or not, making a daily work report is a good practice to keep track of work accomplished by you. By doing this you can improve working abilities to increase productivity at workplace. This Daily Work Report Template is useful. 

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